Backend Roadmap

1. Nền tảng lập trình (Programming Fundametals)

1.1. Syntax cơ bản

  • biến
  • kiêủ dữ liệu
  • điều kiện
  • vòng lặp
  • function
  • array/list
  • string

1.2. Tư duy lập trình

  • decomposition (chia nhỏ bài toán)
  • debugging
  • đọc track trace

1.3. OOP cơ bản

  • class
  • object
  • encapsulation
  • inheritance
  • polymorphism
  • abstraction

1.4. Clean code

  • naming
  • function nhỏ
  • tách module

1.5. Chọn ngôn ngữ

Language Backend framework
Java Spring Boot
C# ASP.NET
Python FastAPI / Django
Go Gin
JavaScript Node.js

2. Data Structures & Algorithms

2.1. Data structures

  • Array
  • Linked List
  • Queue
  • Hash Table
  • Tree
  • Graph

2.2. Algorithms

  • searching
  • sorting
  • recusion
  • backtracking
  • BFS/DFS
  • dynamic programming (basic)

3. Computer Science Foundations

3.1. Operating System

  • process
  • thread
  • context switching
  • memory management
  • deadlock
  • concurrency

3.2. Networking

3.3. Database theory

  • relational model
  • normalization
  • index
  • query optimization
  • ACID
  • transaction

4. Backend Fundamentals

4. 1. HTTP API

  • REST
  • request/response
  • headers
  • status code
  • JSON

API

4.2. Authentication

  • session
  • cookie
  • JWT
  • OAuth

4.3. Caching

  • Redis
  • cache aside
  • TTL

Catching

4.4. Message Queue

  • producer
  • consumer
  • queue
  • pub/sub

Message brokers

5. Database

5.1. SQL

  • join
  • subquery
  • index
  • execution plan

5.2. Database phổ biến

Type Example
relational MySQL / PostgreSQL
key-value Redis
document MongoDB
search Elasticsearch

6. System Design

6.1. Topics

  • monolith vs microservices: Monolithic Apps, Microservices
  • load balancer
  • horizontal scaling
  • caching layer
  • CDN
  • database replication
  • sharding

6.2. Ví dụ design

  • URL shortener
  • chat system
  • notification system
  • banking transfer

7. DevOps basics

7.1. Linux

  • process
  • port
  • log
  • permissions

7.2. Docker

  • container
  • image
  • docker compose

7.3. CI/CD

  • pipeline
  • build
  • deploy

see more …

8. Kiến thức nâng cao

8.1. Distributed system

  • consensus
  • CAP theorem
  • eventual consistency

8.2. High concurrency

  • rate limiting
  • circuit breaker
  • idempotency

8.3. Data pipeline

  • ETL
  • stream processing

9. Một số project nhỏ nên làm

9.1. Rest API Todo

feature

  • auth
  • CRUD
  • pagination
  • search

9.2. Blog system

  • comment
  • tagging
  • like
  • search

9.3. mini ecommerce

  • cart
  • order
  • payment mock
  • inventory