Nền tảng lập trình (Programming Fundametals)

1. Syntax cơ bản

• biến
• kiêủ dữ liệu
• điều kiện
• vòng lặp
• function
• array/list
• string

2. Tư duy lập trình

• decomposition (chia nhỏ bài toán)
• debugging
• đọc track trace

3. OOP cơ bản

• class
• object
• encapsulation
• inheritance
• polymorphism
• abstraction

4. Clean code

• naming
• function nhỏ
• tách module

5. Chọn ngôn ngữ

Language	Backend framework
Java	Spring Boot
C#	ASP.NET
Python	FastAPI / Django
Go	Gin
JavaScript	Node.js

Data Structures & Algorithms

1. Data structures

• Array
• Linked List
• Queue
• Hash Table
• Tree
• Graph

2. Algorithms

• searching
• sorting
• recusion
• backtracking
• BFS/DFS
• dynamic programming (basic)

Computer Science Foundations

1. Operating System

• process
• thread
• context switching
• memory management
• deadlock
• concurrency

2. Networking

• TCP/IP: see more …
• HTTP: see more …
• DNS: see more …
• load balancing

3. Database theory

• relational model
• normalization
• index
• query optimization
• ACID
• transaction

Backend Fundamentals

1. HTTP API

• REST
• request/response
• headers
• status code
• JSON

API

2. Authentication

• session
• cookie
• JWT
• OAuth

3. Caching

• Redis
• cache aside
• TTL

Catching

4. Message Queue

• producer
• consumer
• queue
• pub/sub

Message brokers

Database

1. SQL

• join
• subquery
• index
• execution plan

2. Database phổ biến

Type	Example
relational	MySQL / PostgreSQL
key-value	Redis
document	MongoDB
search	Elasticsearch

System Design

Topics

• monolith vs microservices: Monolithic Apps, Microservices
• load balancer
• horizontal scaling
• caching layer
• CDN
• database replication
• sharding

Ví dụ design

• URL shortener
• chat system
• notification system
• banking transfer

DevOps basics

1. Linux

• process
• port
• log
• permissions

2. Docker

• container
• image
• docker compose

3. CI/CD

• pipeline
• build
• deploy

see more …

Kiến thức nâng cao

1. Distributed system

• consensus
• CAP theorem
• eventual consistency

2. High concurrency

• rate limiting
• circuit breaker
• idempotency

3. Data pipeline

• ETL
• stream processing

Một số project nhỏ nên làm

1. Rest API Todo

feature

• auth
• CRUD
• pagination
• search

2. Blog system

• comment
• tagging
• like
• search

3. mini ecommerce

• cart
• order
• payment mock
• inventory